In 2019, we addressed the cardinal problems of the project: the identification of the mechanisms of textualization, as well as the construction and testing models of meaning-production. According to the abovementioned plan of research ( para 1, topics 1 -5), we concentrated on the conceptual and methodological keystones and the inquiry for instruments and models combining analytical and constructive approaches to these topics. Approbation, refinement, and practical implementation of these theoretical results were made in the course of work on topics 6 - 11. As an important part of the work, the specialized databases describing the formal types of conflict political communication were compiled.
CONSTRUCTION OF PRIMARY MODELS OF THE SITUATION OF PERCEPTION AND PROJECTING OF TEXT AND RECONSTRUCTION OF MEANING
We examined the substantial and formal issues of describing the multidimensional semantic organization of a text, esp., the possibility to implement the apparatus of modal semantics to represent relationships between sentential complexes.
Thus, Kripke's notions of model and model structure, as well as the idea of a centered world, were used. The dynamic approach was suggested to describe semantic compatibility processes, which allows us to reproduce the "capability" of an utterance to generate new meanings and be subject to multiple interpretations.
The value-normative oriented pattern of meaning-generating narratives and the systematization of their levels made it possible, firstly, to suggest a model of a multilevel system of explanatory narration. Secondly, to clarify the relationship
between the three main levels of historical memory, they differ both by actors of narration and intensity of changes in the content of narratives involved in the formation of a semantic picture of the world within a framework of specific cultures.
The classification of evaluative communication actors, and naming in political discourse helped to develop an annotation scheme of political cyberbullying, and identify the basic generators of political performatives through a study of Ukrainian political discourse during the presidential elections of 2019.
CONSTRUCTION OF FORMALIZED LOGIC AND FACTOR MODELS. TEXT, ITS MODALITIES, LINGUISTIC, AND PRAGMASEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS
We address the critical issues of meaning formation in narrative and performative practices. We also described factors and parameters determining the meaningfulness of actions and mechanisms of their interpretation. These mechanisms can be considered as a manifestation of different modal types of textualization, contextualization, and interpretation. This made it possible to describe a transposition of text into action and action into the text as an interaction of performative and narrative practices. We continued our previous attempts to identify the interdependence between linguistic and social meanings and between performative and narrative characteristics of an utterance. The processes of interaction of lexical meanings within text and context also were investigated.
Two essential both for the theory of semantic syntax and the logical analysis of the language issues were chosen: semantic coercion and expressive. We demonstrate that the actualization of verbal behavior (a performative component of expressives) finds its analog in the verbalization of action (descriptive component). Based on the concept of semantic coercion, we proposed to consider various types of semantic interaction of lexical meanings as an implementation of a compositional and/or decompositional function from a text, context, and prototypical meanings of expression in question.
This approach then was extrapolated onto sociological analysis, so factor and logical models were constructed, and the methodological support for the further research of meaning reconstruction process and for the definition of weights of
various units of dispositifs determining a social context of the communicative situation was provided. Due to this the the methodology of the reconstruction of the process and factors of text production and perception of its meanings was
optimized.
THE THEORY OF LOGICAL ISOMORPHISM ( L. WITTGENSTEIN ) AND ICONIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A TEXT. THE THEORY OF FAMILY RESEMBLANCE AND INTERPRETATION OF A TEXT
The conception of iconic (non-discrete) semiotics was used to describe the semantics of the text - as an integral complex sign that is isomorphic to its signified: a set of possible worlds with modally different ontological statuses (S. Kripke's model structure). It was shown that the concept of trans-world accessibility concerning text-semantics is based on the relation of family resemblance. We also considered the correlation between text coherence and relationships of compatibility between worlds and identifying individuals through possible worlds. In linguistic terms, this correlation can be described as global textual cohesion.
CORRELATING COGNITIVE AND LOGICAL AND SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TEXT (SEMANTICS OF POSSIBLE WORLDS,
MENTAL SPACES, CONCEPTUAL INTEGRATION)
The developed approach has transdisciplinary significance and can become the basis for understanding the processes of generating new knowledge in communication. The experience of constructing mental spaces and conceptual integration was continued in the study of imaginary loci. In the framework of the provisions of social semiotics and pragma-linguistics, the narrative mechanisms of creating the image of a fictional state in a situational-medial, cultural, cognitive,
linguistic, intensional, and socio-economic context in the Polish Internet media discourse were examined.
MULTIDIMENSIONAL SEMANTICS, MULTIPLE REFERENCE OF SIGN AND TEXT, FROM 2D SEMANTICS TO ITS EXTENSION
The generalization of the model of "deep semiotics" and "stereometric semantics" made it possible to expand the space of contextual dimensions of semantic analysis and suggest solutions for the problem of multiple references of sign and text. Being combined with the value-normative model of narrative semantic formation, this approach allows developing the social hermeneutics of texts. A transformation of a linear text structure into a multidimensional structure (or non-linear composition) implies that logical and semantic connectives and operators are complicated by modal ones. These sets of worlds are manifested as a text in the text. A multidimensional interpretation of expressions (sentences) in various worlds
that differ in their ontological status becomes obligatory. The same processes turn out to be connected with ambiguity, understood as a capacity y of lexical units to simultaneously express several meanings associated with each other and speakers' ability to identify them concerning contexts and intertexts.
CONSTRUCTION OF INTELLECTUAL SYSTEMS AND ARGUMENTATION MODELS – IN RESPECT TO SOCIAL AND POLITICAL COMMUNICATION
The approach under development has helped systemize the ways of argumentation in such social and political communication practices as modern practices of work and leisure. In order to apply the devised political cyberbullying annotation scheme to a Ukrainian text corpus, the criteria for annotation tools choice were identified. Among various humanitarian cyber threats, particular focus was on the concept of 'fake data' within the framework of the Russian federal law #30, (2019). As a result, a multilevel hybrid approach combining neural networks and dictionaries to identify 'fake news' automatically was proposed. Some types of semantic aberration in the political media discourse and tools for creating
linguistic absurdity was described, communicative failures in the mechanisms of meaning generation associated with the implementation of the communicative intention, as well as the categories of meaningfulness/meaninglessness of the
generated content were examined. Based on the material of the hypertext of the issues of the analytical program "Speaking on the Weather" (Poland), the speech image of the media oppositionist was reconstructed as a set of cognitive and
communicative strategies.
SEMANTIC TRANSFORMATIONS AT INTER-CODE TRANSITIONS (VISUAL AND VERBAL CODES)
On the instances of the correlation between verbal and visual factors of meaning production in the cinematography, the forms and stages of the policy of historical memory were analyzed. We reveal the characteristic features of ongoing processes of the displacement of narrative modes of meaning creation by performative and the formation of the gamer consciousness of users of modern media are revealed. It is shown that the semiotics of click-baiting is aimed at searching for non-trivial forms of linking information, which is revealed step-by-step as a result of click-through announce links. Simultaneously, the language architecture of clickbait headlines allows updating of false topoi of events and constructing falsified information.
ANALYSIS OF PERFORMATIVE PRACTICES IN SOCIAL PROCESSES
The resulting model of deep semiotics was verified through the study of various communicative situations. In particular, such as the analysis of performative practices and the practice of transforming narratives into performatives in socio-cultural and political decision-making processes/ An analysis of the Russian philosophy of history and the methods of narration in Russian philosophy were presented. The transformations of the production and understanding of social and political discourses and new performative practices caused by modern technologies were considered.
Among other things, the mechanisms of the construction of the environmental risk images in the media were addressed. In order to quantify the factors of the meaning construction and reconstruction, the design and questionnaire of the mass inline survey were developed. It aims to reveal the ways of evaluating the texts, its meaning recognition, the role and weight different factors play in this process, in order to assess how the whole dispositif affects the text perception and
categorization, not just text content.
In order to formalize the analytical procedures of performative practice analysis, we developed a thesauri-based the lexicographical methodology, which enables a researcher to describe the phenomena of a different nature. This methodology
helped explain the complex cases of cyberbullying and misogyny blending. The application of the said methodology to the conflict-related political communication leads to the identification of deperformatives - a lexical class that is a secondary
compression of performative utterances. Also, a small-scale corpus of political slogans related to various hate speech types was created.
SEMANTIC TRANSFORMATIONS AT TRANSITIONS FROM IDENTITY REPRESENTATION TO IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION (TEXTUAL AND NON-TEXTUAL CODES)
The analysis of the correlation and complementarity between textual and non-textual codes in the socio-cultural practices of symbolic politics, conflicts of historical memory were conducted. The prospects of the developed methodology
were demonstrated. Based on the study of graffiti, it was shown that the city inscription could be defined as a symbolically organized space in which the interpreter deals with the signs of various semiotic systems and operates with cultural meanings and conventions given in the verbal and graphic form. The recognizability of intertexts in an authentic and transformed form enhances the attractiveness of the urban text and its dialogical nature. Besides, the semantic transformations were traced on the material of the rethinking of the concept of "compatriot," starting with its appearance in XVIII century till to the middle of the XIX, when competing models appeared; also modal-semantic mechanisms of the representation of the "I" as a "non-I" were considered. A particular analysis of the types and means of constructing "one's own" and "another's" was made on the material of the modern German so-called "Migrant" prose (authors come from the USSR).
SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF THE "POLITICALLY NEUTRAL" LANGUAGE OF THE RUSSIAN PUBLIC COMMUNICATION 1860-X - 70-X
We continue to analyze the functioning of the language of Russian public communication of the 1860 - 70s: in particular, the use of the concept of "narod" ("people") in the journalism of the late Slavophiles was observed in detail. It turns out to be inconsistent due, firstly, to the general interweaving of the substantial and empirical understanding of the "narod". Secondly, attempts to unite the understanding of the "narod" ("people") in line with the political theory, as a carrier of sovereignty, and "narod" in the meaning of "ordinary people," along with "other classes", the most excluded from the "political body" (nation, "the people"). Theoretical contradictions found also at the level of the political interpretation of the dichotomy"narod"/"obshestvo" ("people"/"society"). Besides, work was carried out on specific cases of the late XIX – early XX centuries to identify narrative strategies and in the study of artistic practices in terms of their description and inclusion in rhetorical models - and changes in the latter dynamic
interaction of verbal and visual. An analysis was made of the visual/verbal transformations at the end of the XIX– first decades of the XX century, the transition from "pictorial" to "expressive,", i.e., from representation to performativity.
ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF POPULAR MOTIVES, PLOTS, IMAGES RELATED TO THE REPRESENTATION OF THE OPPOSITION "THE PAST vs. FUTURE" IN DIGITAL MASS MEDIA, CLASSIFICATION OF MOST FREQUENT MEMЕS
The analysis made it possible to reveal the semantic content of social experience, the ways of its fixation, translation, reproduction, the role of personality in these processes, as a person is a source, instrument, and result of meaning formation.
The separate domain of research was the analysis of inter-semiotic, intertextual, and inter-visual tools in the creation of the dialogical axis "past - present - future" in urban practices using the example of urban inscriptions in Gdansk and Kaliningrad.
Urban space is described as an object of study, the concept of an urban inscription and its semiotic nature is defined, and issues related to the category of intertextuality and intertext are considered as an instrument of temporal dialogism in urban narration are considered.